The Impact of Exosomes on Muscle Atrophy, Hypertrophy and Myogenesis

Symposium — Wednesday, April 26, 2024 — 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM — , Room W375A
Integrative Physiology Symposium Series — Chair: Xiaonan H Wang — Co-Chair: William E. Mitch

Purpose of this session is to introduce the impact of exosome on muscle biology and physiology as it relates to myogenesis, muscle hypertrophy and muscle atrophy in order to provide valuable current information for investigators that study muscle biology, physiology and pathology. Muscle wasting increases the risk of morbidity/mortality in primary muscle diseases, secondary muscle disorders and elderly population. Recently, the study impact of exosome on muscle biology and physiology has been boost. Growing evidence indicates that exosomes significantly impact muscle growth, regeneration and metabolism. However, the study on the effect of exosomes on muscle mass is in its infancy. Exosomes are one type of the extracellular vesicle (EV). EVs are spherical bilayered proteolipids with an average diameter of 20-1000 nm. These vesicles contain a specific subset of proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miR), lipids and metabolites reflecting their originating cell types and conditions (4). The release of exosomes and other EVs is a common cellular function in most living biological systems. (2). They are found in blood, breast milk, saliva, semen, urine and other biological fluids. Exosomes (30-130 nm) and microparticles (100-1000nm) are the most studied of the EVs and have various functions (both good and bad) in intercellular and inter-organ communication (5). Exosomes can provide biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Diverse therapeutic approaches have been pursued to utilize exosomes for delivery of vaccines, chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA (1). Exosomes are shuttle vehicles. Both pre-miRNAs and mature miRNA have been detected in exosomes, and packaged miRs in exosomes are quite stable (3). In addition, exosomes constitute an organ to organ communication pathway under both normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This session will concentrate on the role that exosomes play in the myogenesis and the impact of exosome on muscle atrophy and hypertrophy during different treatment or exercise. Organ crosstalk through exosome cargo will be also discussed. This session will be useful and instructive for people studying muscle biology and physiology (e.g. sports biology), exosome and microRNA (e.g. molecular biology), cardiac muscle diseases (cardiovascular section of the APS), primary muscle disease (e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)) and systemic diseases the are characterized by muscle wasting (e.g. cancer, chronic renal disease, diabetes and sepsis, et al).

Speakers

• Skeletal Muscle Exosome Responses to Acute and Chronic Exercise
  Timothy P. Gavin — Dept of Hlth and Kinesiol, Purdue Univ.


• Perpl-exosomes: Elucidating the Complexity of Exosomes Released during Muscle Atrophy
  Matthew B. Hudson — Dept of Kinesiology, Temple Univ.


• Satellite Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling during Muscle Hypertrophy
  Christopher S. Fry — Dept of Nutrition and Metabolism, Univ. of Texas Med. Branch


• Muscle-Kidney Crosstalk through Exosome
  Xiaonan Wang — Dept of Medicine, Emory Univ.